Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus / 中华内科杂志

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease with complicated pathogenesis and diverse clinical manifestations. The current recommendations of the Chinese Rheumatology Association are based on a comprehensive investigation of evidence based medicine, domestic and international guidelines for SLE, and experts' proposals, and aim to provide a more scientific and authoritative reference for the diagnosis and management of SLE. The recommendations focus on four aspects; clinical manifestations, laboratory evaluation, diagnosis and disease assessment, and disease treatment and monitoring. The goal of the recommendations is to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of SLE in China so as to improve the prognosis of SLE patients.

Effects of doxazosin enantiomers on alpha-adrenoceptors of isolated rabbit blood vessels / 药学学报

Doxazosin, a high selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, is considered as the first-line therapy for the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and also produce several side effects in cardiovascular system. In this study, we observed the isometric vasoconstrictive responses of the rabbit isolated arterial rings to electric field stimulation and noradrenaline ( NA ) to study the effects of R-doxazosin ( R-DOX ) and S-doxazosin ( S-DOX ) on the alpha1-adrenoceptor-regulated vasoconstrictive responses in the rabbit isolated ear artery, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery, and the effects of higher concentration of S-DOX and R-DOX on presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptor-regulated purinergic vasoconstriction in the rabbit isolated saphenous artery. We found that R-DOX and S-DOX competitively inhibited the vasoconstriction induced by NA in the rabbit isolated ear artery, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery. The pA2 values of R-DOX and S-DOX against NA in the rabbit isolated ear artery, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery were 7. 91 +/- 0. 03 and 7. 53 +/- 0. 05, 7. 80 +/- 0. 05 and 7. 29 +/-0. 07, 8. 32 +/- 0. 06 and 7. 97 +/- 0. 07, respectively. The pA2 values of R-DOX in the three arterial preparations were significantly higher than those of S-DOX (P < 0. 01). R-DOX and S-DOX at the concentrations of 0. 1 - 10 micromol x L (-1) did not affect the vasoconstriction induced by electric stimulation in the rabbit isolated saphenous artery. R-DOX and S-DOX at 100 micromol x L(-1) in the rabbit isolated saphenous artery completely inhibited the vascular responses to exogenous NA, but did not affect the vascular responses to exogenous adenosine triphosphate (1 mmol x L(-1) ). It is reasonable to suggest that R-DOX and S-DOX competitively inhibit the vasoconstriction induced by NA in the rabbit ear artery, mesenteric artery and pulmonary artery, and the pA2 values of S-DOX are significantly lower than those of R-DOX. The higher concentration (10 micromol x L(-1)) of R-DOX and S-DOX does not affect the presynaptic alpha2-adrenoceptors at sympathetic nerve terminals of the rabbit saphenous artery.